有关口感的拟声拟态词研究

An Analysis of Onomatopoeia Used for Describing Food Texture in Chinese

近年来,有关拟声拟态词的研究蓬勃发展,特别是表达口感的拟声拟态词在日常生活中扮演着不可或缺的角色。本研究收集了104个与口感相关的拟声拟态词,并从形态、属性、语法以及音象征四个方面对其进行了分析,旨在探究中文拟声拟态词的特征。分析表明,在形态方面,二音节型的拟声拟态词数量较多;在属性方面,表达听觉的词语数量最多,此外,“齿感”类的词汇位居第二,“软硬”类的词汇位居第三,描述食物“硬”、“脆”口感的词汇占绝大多数;在语法功能方面,拟声拟态词多作定语,同时也存在作状语等情况。最后,明确了各子音/母音所表达的不同的音象征意义,例如“a”常表达“引人注目的、大的(声音/形状)”,“p, b”在表达口感时常与“破裂的、坚硬的、有嚼劲的、向周围扩散的”相关联。

Research on onomatopoeia has flourished in recent years, and onomatopoeia, which expresses food texture, is an integral part of everyday life. In this study, we collected 104 onomatopoeic words related to food texture and analyzed them in terms of morphology, attributes, syntax, and sound symbols. According to the result, morphologically, the number of disyllabic onomatopoeic words is high. In terms of attributes, words that express the sense of hearing are the most numerous. Additionally, words in the category of “teeth-feeling” come second, and those in the category of “softness/hardness” are in the third place. Words describing the “hard” and “crunchy” texture of food are predominant. Regarding grammatical function, onomatopoeic words are mostly used as attributives in oral expressions, but they are also used as adverbials at times. Finally, the paper analyzes the words in terms of sound symbolism, clarifying the different sound symbolism meanings expressed by each consonant/vowel. For example, the vowel “a” often expresses “striking, big (sound/shape)”, and the consonants “p, b” are often associated with “cracked, hard, chewy, spread out” when expressing texture. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the characteristics of onomatopoeic words related to food texture and their usage in language. Understanding these aspects can enrich our communication and appreciation of the sensory experiences associated with food.