基于语料库的日语副词「なるほど」的研究

A Corpus-Based Study of the Japanese Adverb “Naruhodo”

「なるほど」一词在日语口语中常被视作对话中的附和词,但在工藤等人对副词进行体系化的分类中,该词被分为具有“条件性叙法”的叙法副词一类中。为了全面掌握其用法,本文利用日语书面语语料库BCCWJ以及口语语料库CSJ和CEJC,按照类别等比例抽取一定数量的「なるほど」的语料,对该词的用法和使用特征进行研究。结果表明,在口语中「なるほど」常出现在对话中作为附和词使用,并常与终助词搭配;在书面语中,从文体来看「なるほど」一词能够较为强烈地传达出说话人的主观情感,且在让步用法中常与「が」、「けれども」、「しかし」等让步特征较弱的表达呼应,与同类副词「たしかに」共同使用时,能够加强让步的表达效果。

In spoken Japanese, the word “naruhodo” is often regarded as a word that means agreeing with sb. in conversation. However, in the systematic classification of adverbs by Kudo and others, the word is divided into a category of descriptive adverbs with “conditional narratives”. In order to fully grasp its usage, this paper uses the Japanese written language corpus BCCWJ and the colloquial language corpus CSJ and CEJC to extract a certain amount of corpus of “naruhodo” according to the proportion of categories to study its usage and use characteristics. The results indicate that “naruhodo” often appears as a conjunction in conversation and is often paired with a final particle;in written language, the word “naruhodo” can strongly convey the speaker’s subjective feelings, and when used in concessive usage, it often echoes with “ga”、“keredomo”、“sikasi” and other words with weak concession characteristics.