成都方言疑问语气词研究

Research on Interrogative Modal Particles in Chengdu Dialect

成都方言主要有“啊”、“哇”、“嘛”、“哈”、“嘎”、“喃”、“嗦”七个单音节疑问语气词,它们有不同的语法特点以及语气意义。对成都话疑问语气词进行内部比较,从信疑度分析,“嗦”确定性最高,求答性最低;“喃”确定性最低,求答性最高。从预期维度分析,“啊”、“嗦”、“喃”反预期,“哇”、“嘛”、“哈”、“嘎”顺预期。从情感和立场维度分析,情感和立场相关,一般正面情感同时也是同盟,负面情感也是反同盟。和普通话的疑问语气相比较,成都话疑问语气词在语音上多是开口呼,韵母多为a;在语法上,成都话疑问语气词也具有时体特征,常常与事态语气词连用;在语气意义上,成都话的疑问语气词表达语气上更加强烈。

The Chengdu dialect mainly consists of seven monosyllabic interrogative particles: “a”, “ua”, “ma”, “ha”, “ga”, “nan”, and “suo”, which have different grammatical characteristics and modal meanings. An internal comparison of interrogative modal particles in Chengdu dialect shows that “suo” has the highest degree of certainty and the lowest degree of answering ability from the perspective of cred-ibility;The “nan” has the lowest certainty and the highest answering ability. From the perspective of expectations, “a”, “suo”, and “nan” counter expectations, while “ua”, “ma”, “ha”, and “ga” follow ex-pectations. From the dimensions of emotions and stance, emotions and stance are related. Generally, positive emotions are also allies, while negative emotions are also anti allies. Compared with the in-terrogative tone in Mandarin, the interrogative tone particles in Chengdu dialect are mostly spoken and have a vowel;Grammatically, interrogative modal particles in Chengdu dialect also have tense aspect characteristics, often used in conjunction with situational modal particles;In terms of tone, the interrogative modal particles in Chengdu dialect express their tone more strongly.