副词“确实”的句法分析

The Syntax Analysis of the Adverb “Queshi”

现代汉语中副词数量庞大,语气副词也是副词这个大类中比较特殊的一类,主要由于语气副词本身意义较虚、位置灵活,且分别有不同的句法语义功能。本文拟对语气副词中的“确实”进行个案研究,聚焦语法层面,运用描写与解释相结合的方法,先确定其语义一般是用来表示说话人对对方观点的认同,其次分析它的句法位置,它可以出现在句首、句中和句末,可以与其共现的成分有动词、形容词和其他副词以及它的句类分布,可以陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中,但由于在祈使句的使用环境中存在冲突,所以在祈使句中不会出现。与“确实”意义相近的词有很多,弄清楚“确实”的句法特征,能够更好地将它们区别开来,也能对留学生学习汉语提供一定的帮助。

There are a large number of adverbs in modern Chinese, and modal adverbs are also a special kind of adverbs, mainly because modal adverbs themselves are meaningless, flexible in position, and have different syntactic and semantic functions. This paper intends to conduct a case study on “queshi” in modal adverbs, focusing on the grammatical level and using the method of combining description and interpretation. It first determines that its semantic meaning is generally used to express the speaker’s recognition of the other side’s point of view, and then analyzes its syntactic position. It can appear at the beginning, middle and end of a sentence. The elements that can co-occur with it are verbs, adjectives and other adverbs and their sentence class distribution, which can be in declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and exclamations, but because of the con-flict in the context of the imperative sentence, it does not appear in the imperative sentence. There are many words with similar meanings to “queshi”, and clarifying the syntactic features of “queshi” can better distinguish them and also provide some help for foreign students to learn Chinese.