延安阁楼方言的单字调与两字组连读变调

The Single-Character Tones and the Two-Character Tone Variations in Yan’an Gelou Dialect

本文描写陕西延安宜川县阁楼镇的单字调和两字组连读变调。阁楼方言没有独立的上声和去声调,来自古上声和去声的字全部合流为上去调。不同来源的上去声字在作一般两字组前后字和儿化变调时,变调表现相同,可见其合流程度较深。只有在重轻型、重叠两字组连读变调中不同来源的上去声字表现略有差异,结合周边方言的情况,可以窥探到上声与去声合流之前的调值,应为一个高降调。阁楼方言儿化变调是上去声合流之后才发生的,变成了原有声调系统外的一个新调。

This paper describes the single-character tones and two-character tone variations in the GeLou town of Yichuan County, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. The GeLou dialect has no independent up-tone and de-tone, and the words from the ancient up-tone and de-tone all merge into the up-de-tone. It can be seen that the degree of confluence is deep when the characters from different sources are used in the general two-character group and the tone variation is the same. Only in the combination of heavy and overlapping word groups, the performance of different sources of the upper voice is slightly different. Combined with the situation of the surrounding dialect, we can detect the tone value before the upper voice and the outgoing voice, which should be a high falling tone. The tone of attic dialect is a new tone outside the original tone system, which occurs after the confluence of the upper voice.