上海南部方言入声韵的演变

The Evolution of Entering Tone Finals in Southern Shanghai Dialects

一百多年前的上海方言拥有七个开口呼入声韵,其中有-ʔ -k两个韵尾,在如今的上海南部方言中不同程度地被保留着。本文以19世纪对上海方言的研究为出发点,运用大量的第一手资料分析了开口呼入声韵在上海市松江、奉贤和金山三区方言的演变,着重关注以下三点:(1) 入声韵之间的合并及其主元音的音值,(2) 入声韵的舒化,(3) -k韵尾,对于了解吴语入声韵的演变具有一定的参考价值。

The Shanghai dialect from over a century ago featured seven “open-mouth” (开口呼) entering tone finals, which included -ʔ and -k as possible codas (韵尾), characteristics that persist to varying extents in present-day southern Shanghai dialects. This study takes the research on the Shanghai dialect in the 19th century as a starting point and employs a large amount of first-hand data to analyze the evolution of “open-mouth” entering tone finals within the dialects of Songjiang, Fengxian, and Jinshan districts in Shanghai. The emphasis is specifically on the following three aspects: (1) the merger between entering tone finals and the phonetic values of their nuclei, (2) the weakening of entering tone finals, and (3) the -k coda. These elements offer valuable insights into the evolution of entering tone finals in Wu Chinese.