先秦汉语中“衣”字活用辨

Debate on the Verb Usage of “Yi” in Pre-Qin Chinese

在现代汉语中,“衣”字一直被列入名词范畴,但在诸多先秦文献中,“衣”常常受副词修饰或带宾语作谓语中心,为了解释这一用法,目前学术界普遍认为这是一种名词活用现象。实际上,在先秦汉语中,“衣”作谓语,并非名词活用为动词,而是由于“衣”在先秦时期是一个兼类词。本文通过检索和查阅大量先秦文献资料,并引用相关例证,从词义、语法功能、动词义出现次数和频率三个方面来证实“衣”字在先秦时期是名动兼类词,并对“衣”的词类活用说原因进行了分析,最后就如何进一步明确“活用”和“兼用”的界限提出了自己的看法。

In modern Chinese, the word “yi” has always been included in the noun category, but in many pre-Qin literatures, “yi” is often modified by adverbs or takes an object as the predicate center. In order to explain this usage, it is generally considered as a phenomenon of noun used as verb. In fact, in pre-Qin Chinese, “yi” as a predicate is not a noun used as a verb, but because “yi” in pre-Qin peri-od is a kind of multi-category word. Through searching and looking up a large number of pre-Qin literature and citing relevant examples, this paper confirms that “yi” was a multi-category word in the pre-Qin period from three aspects: Meaning, grammatical function and frequency of verb word, and analyzes the reason of the active use of “yi”, and finally puts forward its own views on how to further clarify the boundary of “active use” and “dual use”.