语言哲学视角下中国23省的命名转喻机制研究

A Research on the Metonymy-Naming Mechanisms of China’s 23 Provinces from the Perspective of Philosophy of Language

语义学是语言哲学和语言学的核心内容,关于意义的理论也一直是语言哲学研究的重要命题。传统意义的指称论、摹状论和因果论,都存在难以圆说的问题。王寅教授(2012)以认知语言学为理论框架,语言哲学为落脚点,提出了指称论的新观——命名转喻观,用来解释事物的转喻命名方式。其内涵可以概括为:人们在体验外界客观事物的基础上,认识到它的某一特征,然后用某一词语将所认识到的这个特征固化下来,并以此用转喻之法来指称整个事物。基于命名转喻观的对事物命名方式的解释力,本文将其运用到对中国23省(河北、山西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、海南、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、台湾)的命名转喻机制探究中,最后得出这23省都是采用部分代整体的命名转喻机制,包括方位转喻省名、自然景物转喻省名、城邑转喻省名、道路转喻省名、府邸转喻省名和民族语转喻省名。

Semantics is the core content of philosophy of language and linguistics, and the theory of meaning has always been an important proposition in the study of philosophy of language. In the traditional sense, the Referential Theory, the Theory of Description and the Theory of Cause and Effect all contain issues that are difficult to explain currently. Professor Wang Yin (2012) took cognitive linguistics as the theoretical framework and philosophy of language as the foothold, and put forward a new concept of referential theory—The Metonymy-naming View, which is used to explain the metonymic mechanisms of naming things. Its connotation can be summarized as follows: on the basis of experiencing external things in the world, people realize one specific characteristic of a target matter, and then solidify this characteristic with a certain word, due to which the naming process of this target matter could be accomplished by metonymic genre. Based on the explanatory power of the Metonymy-naming View, this paper applies it to explore the metonymy-naming mechanisms of 23 provinces in China (Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Taiwan Province). The results show that all these 23 provinces are named under the metonymy-naming mechanism of using one part to replace the whole, as those parts being manifested as location, natural scenery, town, road, mansion, and ethnic language. This study adopts qualitative and quantitative research methods. Through literature review and application of correlative theories, it draws a qualitative analysis on various metonymy-naming mechanisms of China’s 23 provinces, while the quantitative analysis on the proportion of various mechanisms is also displayed through statistical charts and tables.