湖南冷水江方言中定指“量名”结构的分布

The Distribution of Definite “Classifier NP” Constructions in Lengshujiang Dialect of Hunan Province

现代汉语中,限定词短语中需要有“这”、“那”等指示代词来表示定指,如“这把伞在桌上”,而在湖南冷水江的方言中,不需要以该类指示词来表定指,而可以直接使用“量词 NP”这样一种结构,如“把伞在桌上”。这里的“把伞”指的是放在桌子上的那把伞。本文探讨的是该结构在不同句法位置和不同的句式中表定指的情况,发现该结构在句法位置上,其主要出现在主语、谓语、定语位置,在不同作用的句型中,该结构主要出现在是非问句和特指问句中,且高度依赖语境。

In modern Chinese, determiner phrases need to have demonstrative pronouns such as “这(this)”, “那 (that)” to indicate definite reference, e.g. “这把伞在桌上 (this umbrella is on the table)”, but such a structure “classifier NP” can be used In the Hunan Lengshuijiang dialect, instead of using this kind of pronoun for definite reference, for instance, “把伞在桌上 (The umbrella is on the table)”. In this case, “把伞 (the umbrella)” refers to the umbrella on the table. This paper explores the structure expressing definite reference in different syntactic positions and in different sentence forms. It finds that the structure is highly context-dependent, and in syntactic positions, the structure is mainly found in subject, predicate, and definite positions;in different sentence forms, the structure is mainly found in yes-no questions and WH questions.