摘要
形式语言是在近代理性主义的思潮中发展起来的,其自身也具有理性主义特征。形式语言追求精确性和确定性,强调词、句之间的形式逻辑关系,以此获得真值并连接起语言的意义。问题在于,过于理性主义的形式语言容易导致语义和真理理论变为空洞的形式理论,而语言意义的获得却要求经验的参与。形式语言在和理性主义互相发展的境遇之中,遇到了理性主义本身的问题:盲目相信工具理性导致虚无主义问题,并进一步更加脱离经验实践。卢卡奇在其文集《历史与阶级意识》中探讨了近代资产阶级理性主义的内在矛盾,就近代理性主义的问题给出了回应。本文在卢卡奇对理性主义批判的视域下,梳理了理性主义形式语言的问题所在,并认为语言研究更需要关注语言的社会属性和实践特征。
Formal language is developed in the trend of thought of modern rationalism, and it has its own characteristics of rationalism. Formal language pursues accuracy and certainty, which emphasizes the formal logical relationship between words and sentences, so as to obtain truth value and connect the meaning of language. The problem lies in the fact that formal language, which is too rationalistic, tends to turn semantic and truth theories into empty formal theories, while language itself requires an empirical acquisition of meaning. In the context of mutual development of formal language and rationalism, it encounters the problem of rationalism itself: blind belief in instrumental rationality leads to nihilism, and further deviates from empirical practice. In his collection History and Class Consciousness, Lukacs discusses the inherent contradictions of modern bourgeois rationalism and gives a response to the problems of modern rationalism. From the perspective of Lukacs’ criticism of rationalism, this paper sorts out the problems of the formal language of rationalism, and argues that language studies should pay more attention to the social attributes and practical characteristics of language.
出处
《现代语言学》
2024年第5期82-87,共6页
Modern Linguistics