隐喻理解中的具身认知——以汉语“云”隐喻为例

Embodied Cognition in Metaphorical Understanding—A Case Study of Chinese “Cloud” Metaphor

文章从北京大学现代汉语语料库(Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU,简称CCL)中选取了“云”隐喻词语,对“云”隐喻的种类进行了分类,并探讨了具身认知与隐喻理解的关系。研究发现:1) 具身认知是指人们通过身体经验来理解和感知世界的一种认知方式,而隐喻理解则是指通过将一个词或者短语转换为另一个意义相近的词或者短语来理解语言表达的一种方式。具身认知与隐喻理解之间存在密切关联,人们通过具身经验来理解隐喻。2) “云”隐喻大致可分为情感隐喻和描述隐喻两大类:情感隐喻主要用于表达人们的情绪、心理状态或态度;描述隐喻则主要用于描绘事物的特点、状态或形态,主要根据天气隐喻所表达的内容和意义进行划分。3) 在理解中文天气隐喻的过程中,隐喻理解涉及不同的认知层次,并受到多种因素的影响。同时,本研究的结论可为中文天气隐喻的应用和翻译提供一定的理论与实践指导,进一步推动跨文化交流。This paper selects “cloud” metaphor words from the Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU (CCL) of Peking University, classifies the types of “cloud” metaphor, and discusses the relationship between embodied cognition and metaphorical understanding. The research findings are as follows: 1) Embodied cognition refers to a cognitive way in which people understand and perceive the world through physical experience, while metaphorical understanding refers to a way in which language is understood by converting a word or phrase into another word or phrase with similar meaning. There is a close relationship between embodied cognition and metaphorical understanding. People understand metaphor through embodied experience. 2) “Cloud” metaphor can be roughly divided into two categories: affective metaphor and descriptive metaphor. Affective metaphor is mainly used to express people’s emotions, mental states or attitudes;descriptive metaphor is mainly used to describe the characteristics, state or form of things, mainly according to the content and meaning expressed by the weather metaphor. 3) In the process of understanding Chinese weather metaphors, metaphorical understanding involves different cognitive levels and is influenced by many factors. At the same time, the conclusions of this study can provide some theoretical and practical guidance for the application and translation of Chinese weather metaphors, and further promote cross-cultural communication.