上海方言中“洋泾浜英语”词汇的变迁研究

A Study on the Changes of “Pidgin English” Vocabulary in Shanghai Dialect

洋泾浜英语在上海已经发展了一个世纪有余,如今已经成为了上海方言中不可缺少的组成部分。然而部分曾经常用的洋泾浜英语已经随着时代的发展和变迁不再被使用。本研究以《上海通俗语及洋泾浜》附录中所录外来词列表为书面语料,结合访谈内容作为口头语料,旨在通过对不同年龄区间上海方言使用者进行访谈,梳理上海方言中洋泾浜英语及其简化而成的英语外来词词汇使用的变迁过程及缘由。研究发现,过半数以上的洋泾浜英语及其简化而来的英语外来词已从上海方言中消失;多数留存在上海方言里的洋泾浜英语或外来词也已被多数人遗忘;只有少部分词汇仍在被使用。为延缓洋泾浜英语的衰退和灭亡,相关部门应尽可能地这些洋泾浜英语介绍并推广开来,并尽可能地留存洋泾浜英语词汇的语言材料,如其音译汉字读音、录音和词典等。

Pidgin English has been developed in Shanghai for more than a century and become an indispensable part of the Shanghai dialect. However, some of them used to be commonly used has been no longer used with the development and changes of the times. Using the list of loanwords recorded in the appendix of Shanghai Colloquial Language and Pidgin as written data and interviews as oral data, this study aims to clarify the changes and causes of the use of pidgin English and its simplified English loanwords in Shanghai dialect through interviews with Shanghai dialect users of different age groups. It is found that more than half of pidgin English vocabulary and its simplified English loanwords have disappeared from Shanghai dialect;most pidgin English or loanwords survived in the Shanghai dialect have also been forgotten by most people;and only a few words are still in use. In order to delay the decline and extinction of pidgin English in Shanghai dialect, the relevant departments should introduce and promote pidgin English as much as possible, and keep the language materials of Pidgin English vocabulary as much as possible, such as the pronunciation of transliterated Chinese characters, recordings and dictionaries.