基于语料库的“得”字状态补语构式习得研究

A Corpus-Based Investigation on the Acquisition of State Complement Constructions with “De”

“得”字状态补语构式是汉语中独具特色的一种构式类型,此构式一直是汉语二语学习者学习中的难点。本文以全球汉语中介语语料库为基础,对汉语二语学习者“得”字状态补语构式的输出情况进行了考察和分析。研究发现构式习得难度和原型性密切相关,构式意识的建立和发展是习得过程中的关键因素。构式输出的错误类型可分为构式成分的残缺、误用和冗余等。在教学过程中着重针对这些重难点问题,采取相应的策略,可帮助学习者正确地建立“得”字状补构式的形义匹配意识,继而学会创造性地使用此种构式。

The state complement construction with “De” is a unique type of constructions in Chinese, and it has always been a difficult task for Chinese L2 learners. This paper investigates and analyzes the output of state complement constructions with “De” by Chinese L2 learners based on the global Chinese interlanguage corpus. We find that the difficulty of construction acquisition is closely related to the prototypicality. The establishment and development of constructive awareness is a key factor in the acquisition process. The types of errors in construction output can be classified as incompleteness, misuse and redundancy of construction components. By focusing on these problems and adopting corresponding strategies in the teaching process, we can help learners build up the form-meaning matching awareness of state complement constructions with “De” correctly and learn to use the construction creatively.