汉语动词“摆”的历时演变研究

A Study on the Chronological Evolution of the Chinese Verb “Bǎi (摆)”

基于汉语史探讨了汉语动词“摆”在不同历史阶段的演变情况,利用语料库大致概括出了“摆”的历史演变路径。首先探讨了“摆”与“捭”的密切关系,指出“摆”应源自于“捭”,随后考察了中古时期“摆”的使用情况,发现在东汉至魏晋南北朝时期,“摆”主要表示“分开”义;而在魏晋南北朝至唐代逐渐出现“摇动、摆动”义;隋唐至明清时期,“摆”的词义逐渐扩展至“处置、控制”、“陈列、放置”等,最后发展出“言说”和“炫耀”义。在演变过程中,语义属性的转移和常用搭配的影响至关重要,这反映了汉语词汇演变中的部分规律,对于理解汉语词义变化具有重要意义。

This study examines the diachronic evolution of the Chinese verb “摆” (bǎi) across different historical stages, using corpus data to outline its development path. Initially, “摆” (bǎi) originated from “捭” (bǎi). From the Eastern Han to the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, “摆” (bǎi) primarily meant “to separate”. By the Tang Dynasty, it evolved to include “to shake” and “to sway”. From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, its meanings expanded to “to arrange, to control” and “to display, to place”, eventually developing into “to speak” and “to show off”. The transfer of semantic properties and the influence of common collocations are crucial in this evolution, reflecting patterns and mechanisms in Chinese vocabulary changes.