义素分析视角下的汉日连词对比研究——以连词“而”“但是”为例

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Conjunctions from the Perspective of Semantic Analysis—Taking the Conjunctions “而” and “但是” as an Example

义素分析法是描写词义的基本方法,将有某种关联的一组词作为研究对象,进行意义比较,提取出相同和不同的语义成分。已有研究中大量使用义素分析法对比汉语近义词、汉语外语对应词之间的异同,但汉外对比大多集中于汉英、汉俄的研究,对同属汉字文化圈的日语研究有所不足。本文在前人义素对比的基础上,着眼于汉语和日语中的连词,以表示递进关系的“而”组连词和表示转折关系的“但是”组连词为例,应用义素分析法对比差异,并总结出表达式。此外,本文还就义素分析法在对外汉语教学中的应用提出建议,以期进一步辅助教学。

The semantic analysis method is a basic method for describing the meaning of words, which takes a group of words with a certain association as the research object, compares their meanings, and extracts the same and different semantic components. A large number of studies have used semantic analysis to compare the similarities and differences between Chinese synonyms and corresponding words in Chinese and foreign languages. However, the comparison between Chinese and foreign languages mostly focuses on the study of Chinese and English, Chinese and Russian. As for Japanese, which belongs to the same cultural circle of Chinese characters, there is insufficient research on Japanese. Based on the comparison of previous sememes, this article focuses on conjunctions in Chinese and Japanese. Taking the “而” group of conjunctions that represent progressive relationships and the “但是” group of conjunctions that represent transitional relationships as examples, the article applies sememe analysis to compare the differences and summarize the expressions. In addition, this article also provides suggestions for the application of semantic analysis in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, in order to further assist teaching.