合江方言词缀研究

A Study on Affixes in Hejiang Dialect

合江方言属西南官话西蜀片岷赤小片,既有普通话的共性,又有岷赤小片的特性。在词缀表现上也有这一关系。严格意义上的合江方言词缀较少,很多在《现在汉语词典》(第7版) [1]中已标明,但调查过程中发现合江方言词缀有些容易忽略的特点,特在本文中进行说明,希望为后来研究合江方言词缀甚至西南地区方言词缀的学者提供思路。本次研究从田野调查着手,以合江县下的九支镇、法王寺镇、先市镇、尧坝镇为方言点,展开为期一个月的方言调查活动,在收集、辨别方言词缀的基础上,着重分析合江方言词缀与普通话中用法不同的地方,从词缀的依附对象、附加意义、构成词的词性上进行归纳总结,突出合江方言词缀的特点。

Hejiang dialect belongs to the West Sichuan branch of Southwest Mandarin and the Minchi sub branch, which has both the commonalities of Mandarin and the characteristics of the Minchi sub branch. This relationship also exists in the expression of affixes. Strictly speaking, there are fewer affixes in the Hejiang dialect, many of which have been indicated in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th edition) [1]. However, during the investigation process, it was found that there are some easily overlooked characteristics of the Hejiang dialect affixes. This article provides an explanation in the hope of providing ideas for scholars who later study the Hejiang dialect affixes, even the Southwest dialect affixes. The study started with a field survey and conducted a one-month dialect survey in Jiuzhi town, Fawangsi town, Xianshi town and Yaoba town in Hejiang County, and based on collecting and distinguishing dialect affixes, focuses on analyzing the differences in usage between Hejiang dialect affixes and Mandarin. It summarizes the characteristics of Hejiang dialect affixes from the perspectives of their attachment objects, additional meanings, and part of speech of the constituent words.