汉语“落”的双音节合成词认知语义分析

A Cognitive Semantic Study of the Disyllabic Compound Words with “Luò”

本文以“落”的双音节合成词为研究对象,通过语料进行认知语义分析,利用隐喻,意象图式,焦点化等认知理论对其进行语义分类,归纳认知语义扩张网络。通过认知分析,探究“落”在双音节复合词的语义扩张特征及认知动因。研究结果表明,“落”的双音节合成词在语义上丰富于“落”的基本释义,脱离起点,到达终点,描述路径三个方面焦点化后,用隐喻的方式扩张语义,从空间概念把握抽象概念。其语义扩张的动力是通过复合词内部语素的相互影响,涌现出新的完型语义。文章为汉语“落”的语义研究增加系统性的认知角度的分析,对表示下落,下降类语义的汉语词有分析借鉴意义。This study focuses on the compound words where “Luò” is the second syllable, using linguistic examples to analyze their semantic properties. It applies different cognitive theories, such as metaphor, schema, and focus construction, to classify and interpret the structures of these compound words, ultimately leading to the formation of a cognitive semantic expansion network. Through cognitive analysis, it explores the characteristics of semantic expansion for compound words with “Luo” as their second syllable and the reasons behind it. The results show that the semantic content of compound words with “Luo” as their second syllable is richer than the basic definition of “Luò”, encompassing three main aspects: origin, path, and destination. By focusing on these three aspects, we use metaphorical language to expand the semantics, going from spatial concepts to abstract ones. The driving force behind this semantic expansion is the mutual influence of the morphemes within the compound word, which gives rise to a new integrated semantic form. This article adds a systematic cognitive perspective to the study of Chinese compound words with “Luo” as their second syllable, providing analytical insights for understanding the downfall, decline, and other related meanings of Chinese words.