社会语言学视角下对称谓语语义泛化与成因考察——以“大兄弟”为例

Semantic Generalization of Symmetric Predicates and Its Causes from a Sociolinguistic Perspective—Taking “Da Xiongdi” as an Example

称谓语,不仅是语言现象还是社会现象。随着社会变迁,称谓语有了使用范围扩大或词义转移的现象。本文立足于社会语言学视角,以“大兄弟”这一称谓语为例进行剖析。本文共分三部分对称谓语“大兄弟”进行深入考察。首先对“大兄弟”进行语义解释,目前受隐喻机制的影响,其语义中的贬义色彩日渐显豁,其次分析“大兄弟”语义泛化的表现;最后从语言内部变化和外部演变入手探讨“大兄弟”称谓词的泛化动因。Appellation is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a social phenomenon. With the social change, appellations have the phenomenon of expanding the scope of use or transferring the meaning. Based on the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper takes the appellation “Da Xiongdi” as an example to analyze. This paper is divided into three parts to investigate the symmetric predicate “Da Xiongdi”. Firstly, the semantic interpretation of “Da Xiongdi” is carried out. At present, due to the influence of metaphor mechanism, the derogatory meanings in its semantics are increasingly clear. Secondly, the semantic generalization of “Da Xiongdi” is analyzed. Finally, from the internal change and external evolution of language, this paper discusses the generalization motivation of “Da Xiongdi” appellation words. Appellation is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a social phenomenon. With the social change, appellations have the phenomenon of expanding the scope of use or transferring the meaning. Based on the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper takes the appellation “Da Xiongdi” as an example to analyze. This paper is divided into three parts to investigate the symmetric predicate “Da Xiongdi”. Firstly, the semantic interpretation of “Da Xiongdi” is carried out. At present, due to the influence of metaphor mechanism, the derogatory meanings in its semantics are increasingly clear. Secondly, the semantic generalization of “Da Xiongdi” is analyzed. Finally, from the internal change and external evolution of language, this paper discusses the generalization motivation of “Da Xiongdi” appellation words.