“服了”的语义演变及语法化机制

Semantic Evolution and Grammaticalization Mechanism of “Fule”

文章从北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库检索“服了”的相关语料,并以微信、微博社交平台为辅助语料来源,对“服了”进行详细分析,发现“服了”经历了语法化过程。文章总结得出了“服了”的三种用法:“服了1”用作句子核心谓语,表示“行为动作义”;“服了2”作结果补语或核心谓语,表示“心理状态义”;“服了3”作话语标记,表示“消极否定义”。并基于此得出语义泛化、句法位置变化、重新分析、主观化和经济原则是“服了”的语法化动因和机制,进一步说明了语法化是一个复杂且连续的过程,与语义、使用、外部环境、历史发展等有着不可分割的联系。Based on the data related to “fule” from CCL as the major source and from WeChat and Weibo as the minor source, the paper conducts a detailed analysis of “fule”. It is found that “fule” has gone through a process of grammaticalization. The paper has come up with three uses of the word “fule”: “Fule1” is used as the core predicate of a sentence, indicating “behavioural action”;“fule2” is used as the result complement or core predicate, indicating “mental state”;“fule3” is used as a discourse marker to indicate “negative negation”. Based on this, it is concluded that generalization and subjectification of semantic evolution, syntactic position change, reanalysis and the principle of the economy are the motivations and mechanisms for the grammaticalization of “fule”, which further illustrates that grammaticalization is a complex and continuous process that is inseparably related to semantics, usage, the external environment, and historical development, and so on.