日汉互译学习中的读者意识缺失问题研究

A Study on the Lack of Reader Consciousness in Japanese-Chinese Translation Learning

读者意识指译者在翻译中关注译文读者的阅读能力和兴趣,在译文输出时把握原文内容和读者之间的平衡关系,满足译文读者的语言习惯、文化背景和思维方式。很多学习者在日汉互译学习中在处理句法关系、文化因素和思维习惯等翻译要素时,由于缺乏读者意识,影响了译文的质量乃至读者的阅读体验。本科翻译课程除了翻译技能教学外,更要从宏观和微观多方面重视读者意识的培养,提升学生翻译水平。本文拟就日汉互译教学中的真实翻译案例进行分析,思考翻译技能学习中读者意识的重要性,列举学习者的译文中读者意识缺失的具体表现,并尝试提出翻译教学中的读者意识的培养路径,以最终帮助学习者在原文文本和译文读者之间获取平衡。Reader awareness means that translators pay attention to the reading ability and interest of target readers in translation, grasp the balance between the original content and readers in translation output, and satisfy the language habits, cultural background and way of thinking of target readers. Many learners lack reader awareness when dealing with syntactic relations, cultural factors and thinking habits, which affects the quality of the translation and even the reading experience of the readers. In addition to the teaching of translation skills, the undergraduate translation course should pay more attention to the cultivation of readers’ consciousness from both macro and micro aspects to improve students’ translation level. This paper intends to analyze real translation cases in translation teaching between Japanese and Chinese, consider the importance of reader awareness in translation skills learning, list the specific manifestation of learner’s lack of reader awareness in translation, and try to propose ways to cultivate reader awareness in translation teaching, so as to ultimately help learners achieve a balance between the original text and the target reader.