“小学生”一词贬义色彩演变分析

Analysis of the Evolution of the Pejorative Overtones of the Term “Pupil”

“小学生”一词原本的含义是指小学上学的孩子,但在近段时间出现了“小学生”不等于“小学学生”的现象,“小学生”一词逐渐具有了贬义色彩,主要表现在讽刺某一些人的想法、思维方式以及对待事物的认知和思考能力幼稚甚至低下。本文基于北京语言大学语料库中心,即BCC语料库,及其他网络平台的语料,梳理“小学生”一词的使用情况,从词义演变的角度分析其具有贬义色彩的生成路径,包括词语的重新分析、词义的引申和词性的转化;同时在语用学的视角下解释“小学生”一词色彩义转变的动因。The original meaning of the term “pupil” refers to children attending primary school, but in recent times, there has been a phenomenon that “pupil” is not equal to “primary school student”, and the word “pupil” has gradually taken on pejorative overtones, which is mainly manifested in the satire of some people’s ideas, ways of thinking, and naive or even low ability to perceive and think about things. Based on the corpus of BCC and other online platforms, this paper sorts out the use of the term “pupil”, and analyzes its depreciative generation path from the perspective of word meaning evolution, including word re-analysis, word meaning evolution and part-of-speech transformation. At the same time, from the perspective of pragmatics, the motivation for the change of color and meaning of the term “pupil” is explained.