基于词频的古汉语中的智慧内涵分析

Analysis of Wisdom Connotation in Ancient Chinese Based on Word Frequency

中国传统文化中蕴含着丰富的智慧文化,传统中国文化对智慧内涵的界定有其鲜明的文化特色。本研究采用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法,结合语义分析和词频分析的结果,探讨古汉语中智慧的内涵并在此基础上揭示智慧的本质。本研究使用与“智慧”密切相关的词语对古汉语语料库进行检索,构建了古汉语智慧语料库,结合语义分析的结果,对智慧的内涵进行了概念分析。结果发现:(1) 古汉语中的“智慧”是多义词,主要涵盖两方面内容,一种指纯粹的聪明才智,一般作中性词,少数情形下作贬义词;另一种指代德才一体的综合心理素质,作褒义词。(2) 中国先哲的智慧观强调智慧“必仁且智”,其本质是德才一体。(3) 中国先哲对智慧阐释的多样性与其思维的模糊性和汉语的情境性密切相关。综上,古汉语中的“智慧”是一个内涵丰富的概念,中国传统智慧观强调智慧的本质是德才一体。Traditional Chinese culture is rich in wisdom, and the definition of wisdom in traditional Chinese culture bears distinct cultural characteristics. This study adopts a combined approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis, incorporating the results of semantic analysis and word frequency analysis, to explore the connotations of wisdom in ancient Chinese and, on this basis, reveal the essence of wisdom. By searching an ancient Chinese corpus with words closely related to “wisdom”, a wisdom corpus in ancient Chinese is constructed. Conceptual analysis of the connotations of wisdom is then conducted based on the results of semantic analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) “Wisdom” in ancient Chinese is a polysemous term, primarily encompassing two aspects. One refers to pure intelligence and talent, generally used as a neutral term and occasionally as a pejorative;the other signifies an integrated psychological quality that combines virtue and intelligence, used as a commendatory term. (2) The wisdom concept of Chinese sages emphasizes that wisdom must be both benevolent and intelligent, with its essence lying in the integration of virtue and intelligence. (3) The diversity in the interpretation of wisdom by Chinese sages is closely related to the fuzziness of their thinking and the contextual nature of the Chinese language. In summary, “wisdom” in ancient Chinese is a concept with rich connotations, and the traditional Chinese view of wisdom emphasizes that the essence of wisdom lies in the integration of virtue and intelligence.