马达加斯加的语言生态及语言政策规划研究

Study on Language Ecology and Language Policy and Planning in Madagascar

本文根据豪根(Haugen)提出的语言生态理论,从政治、经济、历史、社会文化等角度考察了马达加斯加的语言生态;根据库帕(Cooper)的语言规划理论,从语言的地位规划、本体规划、习得规划三方面梳理了马达加斯加的语言政策,呈现其语言政策的历时发展和对微观语言问题的处理。一方面,马达加斯加的语言生态比较复杂,呈现出多样化的发展趋势;另一方面,受政治和经济因素影响,马达加斯加的语言政策主要围绕如何处理民族语言和殖民语言的关系及其权重问题。马达加斯加是我国“一带一路”建设的重要部分,其语言研究有助于我国构建和谐多样的“一带一路”语言生活,不仅对我国语言战略的制定和实施具有一定的参考价值,还为我国外语教学带来启示。Based on the theory of language ecology proposed by Haugen, this paper examines the language ecology of Madagascar from the perspectives of politics, economy, history and social culture. In addition, based on Cooper’s theory of language planning, it sorts out the language policy of Madagascar from three aspects: language status planning, ontology planning and acquisition planning, and presents the diachronic development of its language policy and the treatment of micro-language problems. On the one hand, Madagascar’s language ecology is relatively complex and shows a diversified development trend. On the other hand, influenced by political and economic factors, the central issue of Malagasy language policy is how to deal with the relationship between national and colonial languages and their weight. As an important part of China’s “The Belt and Road” construction, the language research of Madagascar is helpful to build a harmonious and diverse language life for the “The Belt and Road” initiative, which not only has certain reference value for the formulation and implementation of China’s language policy, but also can bring enlightenment to China’s foreign language teaching.