现代汉语外来词译音成分的语素化——以“麦克风”中的“麦”为例

Morphemicalization of Loanword Monosyllabic Components in Modern Chinese —A Case Study of “Mai” in “Maikefeng”

汉语外来词单音成分的语素化已经成为一种值得关注的语言现象。统观近十年“麦克风”中“麦”在互联网和日常生活中的实际用例和使用频率,我们发现“麦”已经完成了语素化,从表音成分发展为一个构词能力较强的语素,进而与其他语素不断构成新词。“麦”的语素化动因既关涉语言内部因素,也受到社会因素的影响。根据分析,下一步“麦”存在向单音节词演化的趋势。The morpheme of the monophonic component of Chinese loanwords has become a linguistic phenomenon worthy of attention. Looking at the actual use cases and usage frequencies of “Mai” in the “microphone” in the Internet and daily life in the past decade, we find that “Mai” has completed morpheme, developing from a phonetic component to a morpheme with strong word-forming ability, and then continuously forming new words with other morphemes. The morphemic motivation of “Mai” is not only related to the internal factors of the language, but also affected by social factors. According to the analysis, there is a tendency for “Mai” to evolve into monosyllabic words in the next step.