全量否定构式“X不了一点”的探究

Exploration of the Total Negation Construction “X Cannot Be a Little Bit”

“X不了一点”是网络语言中出现的全量否定构式,该构式与传统用法不同。本文运用描写和解释、统计和分类的方法,从句法、语义、语用及形成机制和流行动因五个方面对“X不了一点”进行考察,并探究“一点X不了”和“X不了一点”的关系。当X为动词性成分,所在句子的宾语前置。该构式在使用过程呈现主观性和夸张性的语义特点,其构式义可以概括为“说话人认为无法实现或不可能达到极小量X”。该构式具有情绪表达和凸显强调的语用功能,在类推机制和构式压制的共同作用下产生,模因的传播及独特的语用效果促动该构式的流行。“X cannot be a little bit” is a total negation construction that appears in internet language, which is different from traditional usage. This article uses descriptive, explanatory, statistical, and categorical methods to examine “X cannot be a little bit” from five aspects: syntax, semantics, pragmatics, formation mechanisms, and popular motivations, and explores the relationship between “X cannot be a little bit” and “No X at all”. When X is a verb element, the object of the sentence becomes topically related. This construction presents subjective and exaggerated semantic characteristics during use, and its construction meaning can be summarized as “the speaker believes that it is impossible or impossible to achieve a very small amount of X”. This construction has the pragmatic functions of emotional expression and highlighting emphasis, which are generated by the combined effects of analogy mechanism and construction suppression. The spread of memes and unique pragmatic effects promote the popularity of this construction.