基于生成语法理论的英日被动对比研究

A Contrastive Study of English and Japanese Passives Based on Generative Grammar Theories

被动结构在日语和英语中都有出现,因此对这一语法现象的研究有益于对这两门语言的学习。本文运用乔姆斯基的生成语法理论分析了英语和日语被动结构的特点,发现:1) 日语中存在不幸被动句现象,而英语中没有;2) 日语被动句中可以出现不及物动词,而英语中不能。本文既证实了生成语法理论对被动结构研究的可操作性,也为英日二语的学习者提供了帮助。Passive construction exists in both Japanese and English. A study on this linguistic phenomenon is, therefore, helpful for learning these two languages. This article utilizes generative grammar theory to analyze both Japanese and English passives. It reveals that 1) Japanese has adversative passive, but English does not;2) Intransitive verbs can appear in Japanese passive, but not in English passive. This paper not only confirms the operability of generative grammar theory in studying passive structures but also provides assistance for learners of English and Japanese.