基于Sketch Engine检索工具的日语近义词辨析——以「願う」「祈る」为例

Identifying Japanese Synonyms Based on Sketch Engine Search Retrieval Tool—Taking “Negau” and “Inoru” as Examples

基于在线语料库检索工具Sketch Engine,利用其目标语料库Japanese Web 2011 (jaTenTen11)中的词语索引功能与词汇素描差异功能,考察了近义词「願う」「祈る」的词语搭配规律及语义特征。通过考察「願う」与「祈る」这两个动词与宾格名词的共现显著性,并通过分布图直观清晰地呈现它们的分布情况,发现「願う」与物质性名词或动作性名词搭配,表“希望对方给予建议”或“请求某人做某事”之义;「祈る」多与状态性名词搭配,如与身体状况和农业生产丰收相关的名词搭配,带有宗教色彩。这种研究方法不仅克服了传统近义词辨析中可能存在的主观性和片面性,还使得研究结果更加客观、直观且具有说服力。 Based on the online corpus retrieval tool Sketch Engine, the word indexing function and vocabulary sketching difference function of its target corpus Japanese Web 2011 (jaTenTen11) were used to investigate the word collocation rules and semantic features of synonyms “Negau” and “Inoru”. By examining the co-occurrence significance of the verbs “Negau” and “Inoru” with objective nouns, and presenting their distribution clearly and intuitively through a distribution map, it was found that “Negau” is paired with material or action nouns to express the meaning of “hoping for advice from the other party” or “requesting someone to do something”;“Inoru” is often paired with situa-tional nouns, such as those related to physical condition and agricultural production, with religious connotations. This research method not only overcomes the subjectivity and one sidedness that may exist in traditional synonym analysis, but also makes the research results more objective, in-tuitive, and persuasive.