政治关联与社会责任行为对民营企业融资的影响研究——基于第十次全国私营企业调查的实证研究

Research on the Influence of Political Correlation and Social Responsibility Behavior on Private Enterprise Financing—An Empirical Study Based on the Tenth National Private Enterprise Survey

本文利用2012年的第十次全国私营企业调查数据,探究企业和企业家的政治关联与企业的社会责任行为如何对企业获得银行贷款产生影响。研究发现,在政治身份方面,人大代表或政协委员的政治身份以及企业党建对企业获得贷款上具有积极作用,而且企业的慈善捐赠、环保投入和公益合作这三个外部社会责任行为对企业获得贷款有积极作用。在政治关联对社会责任行为进行调节时,发现政治身份和党组织建设对于企业外部社会责任行为调节进而获得银行贷款作用都较为显著,而内部社会责任行为员工缴纳社会保险,只有通过企业党建进行调节时结果才显著。这些发现说明:一方面无论是在企业层面建立党组织还是企业主获取政治身份,对于企业获得银行贷款都有一定影响;另一方面,拥有政治身份的企业往往关注于外部社会责任的承担,对企业员工的内部社会责任承担存在一定的扭曲现象,而党组织嵌入对于规范企业行为起到重要作用。与此同时,本文也对执政党和政府如何应对“政商关系”纽带下映射出来民营企业党建作用如何发挥、企业承担社会责任的高成本以及民营企业融资难等问题提出了建议和思考。

Based on the 2012 national private enterprise survey data, it is explored how the political connec-tions between firms and entrepreneurs coupled with corporate social responsibility behaviors have an impact on corporate access to bank loans in this paper. It is found that in terms of political identity, the political identity of NPC deputies or CPPCC members along with corporate party building has a positive effect on enterprises’ access to the loans, and the external social responsi-bility behavior of enterprises has a positive effect on enterprises’ access to loans. When the political connection regulates the social responsibility behavior, it is found that the political identity and the party organization construction have a significant effect on the adjustment of the external social responsibility behavior of the enterprise and thus the bank loan, and the internal social re-sponsibility behavior is only significant when the enterprise party construction is adjusted. These findings indicate that on the one hand, establishing political connections at the enterprise or business level has a positive effect on the company’s access to bank loans. On the other hand, companies with political identities pay more attention to the commitment of external social re-sponsibility and the existence of internal social responsibility. Certain distortions and party building play an important role in regulating corporate behavior. At the same time, this paper also puts forward suggestions and thoughts on how the ruling party and the government should respond to the “political and business relationship” ties, how to play the role of private enterprise party building, the high cost of corporate social responsibility and the difficulty of financing private enterprises.