社区居家养老服务“三社联动”供给机制研究——基于国内多社区实践比较

Research on the Supply Mechanism of “Linkage of the Three Social Communities” for Community Home Care Service—Based on the Comparison of Multi-Community Practices in China

“银丝浪潮”给中国的经济社会可持续发展带来巨大的压力与挑战,养老服务需求数量快速增长,需求类型日趋多元化,我国逐渐形成社区居家养老、智慧养老、医养结合养老三种养老模式。“三社联动”通过集合社会多方力量,协同促进基层社会治理与服务创新,是实现基层治理可持续发展的重要路径。然而,在“三社联动”社区居家养老服务供给中,出现社区居委会过度“行政化渗透”、社会组织与社工对社区居委会资源的过度依赖而丧失专业话语权与独立地位、社区居委会“逆向替代”社会组织与社工等困境。因此,本文聚焦于北京市、重庆市、哈尔滨市三地的“三社联动”社区居家养老服务具体实践及其共性研究,尝试在社区居家养老服务供给中推动“三社联动”机制的构建与完善,社区居委会优化养老平台建设,社会组织拓展养老资源,社工提供专业化、个性化的老年服务,明确三者职责边界,共同发力,联动行动协同合作供给社区居家养老服务。

The “Wave of aging” has brought great pressure and challenge to the sustainable development of China’s economy and society. The demand for elderly care services is growing rapidly and the demand types are becoming increasingly diversified. China has gradually formed three pension modes, namely community home pension, smart pension, and a combination of medical and nursing care. “Linkage of the Three Social Communities” is an important way to realize the sustainable development of grassroots governance by integrating various social forces and promoting grass-roots social governance and service innovation. However, in the “linkage of the Three Social Communities” community home-based elderly care service supply, there are some dilemmas, such as excessive “administrative infiltration” of community neighborhood committees, excessive depend-ence of social organizations and social workers on neighborhood committee resources, and loss of professional voice and independent status, and “reverse substitution” of social organizations and social workers by neighborhood committees. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concrete practice and comparison of the “Linkage of the Three Social Communities” community home-based care service in Beijing, Chongqing, and Harbin, and tries to promote the construction and improvement of the “Linkage of the Three Social Communities” mechanism in the supply of home-based care service in the community. The neighborhood committees optimize the construction of the pension platform, social organizations expand the pension resources, and social workers provide professional and personalized services for the elderly. Define the responsibility boundaries of the three, make joint efforts, and take coordinated actions to provide community home care services.