社会融合理论下残疾人精神富裕的问题及路径研究

Research on Spiritual Enrichment of the Disabled under Social Integration Theory and Its Path

实现残疾人精神富裕是实现共同富裕的重要组成部分,而当前主要面临两个层面的问题。一方面体现在思想观念的落后:社会大众的残疾人观狭隘,依然视残疾人为救济对象并且缺乏对该群体较为专业的认知;残疾人自身“等要靠”依赖思想严重且文化水平低,导致自身精神贫困。另一方面,无障碍设施虽然有但是设计不合理,残疾人缺少走向社会的现实桥梁,无法有效享受公共文娱服务。基于这些现实困境,家庭、学校、政府和社会四个主体应当发挥自身特有功能促进残疾人群体全面融入社会,实现精神富裕。第一,家庭成员要学会调试情绪,给残疾人带来正面的引导;改变过度保护和逃避的心态;不断提升自身的专业素养。第二,学校要挖潜补缺重塑残疾人自信心;采用随班跟读等安置模式;大力发展融合性体育和特色专业课。第三,政府要出台专门性法律政策;提供残疾人展示自我的平台;针对不同残疾群体制定操作性强的措施。第四,社会各主体各尽其能,新闻媒体加强正面宣传;残联提供专业性服务和支持;民间NGO链接社会资源开展丰富的社会融合活动;企业用技术赋能残疾人群体的全面发展,不断丰富残障人士的精神世界,实现残疾人事业高质量发展。The realization of spiritual prosperity for the disabled is an important part of the realization of common prosperity, but the current problems are mainly faced at two levels. On the one hand, it is reflected in the backward ideological concept: the public view of the disabled is narrow, and the disabled are still regarded as the relief object, and there is a lack of professional cognition of this group. The disabled themselves are seriously dependent on the idea of “waiting to rely” and have a low cultural level, which leads to their own spiritual poverty. On the other hand, although there are barrier-free facilities, the design is unreasonable, which makes the disabled lack a realistic bridge to society and cannot effectively enjoy public entertainment services. Based on these realistic difficulties, the family, school, government, and society should exert their unique functions to promote the full integration of disabled groups into society and achieve spiritual prosperity. First, family members should learn to adjust their emotions and bring positive guidance to the disabled. At the same time, they change the mentality of over-protection and evasion and constantly improve their professional quality. Second, schools should tap the potential to rebuild the self-confidence of the disabled, follow the class reading and other placement modes, and vigorously develop integrated sports and specialized courses. Third, the government should introduce special laws and policies, provide a platform for people with disabilities to show themselves, and develop operational measures for different disability groups. Fourth, all social subjects should do their best, and the news media should promote positive publicity. The Federation of Persons with Disabilities provides professional services and support;Civil society organizations link social resources to carry out rich social integration activities;Enterprises use technology to enable the comprehensive development of disabled people, constantly enrich the spiritual world of disabled people, and achieve high-quality development of the cause of disabled people.