高校教学楼楼梯出口应急疏散的建模仿真研究

Research on Emergency Evacuation Model and Simulation of Stair Exit in University Teaching Building

通过对华北水利水电大学教学楼教室、楼道和楼梯进行实地测量和观测,采集与该高校相关的人员疏散数据,并对楼梯中学生的人员密度、行走速度、拥堵时间等疏散变量进行计算,量化分析疏散变量之间的相关关系。同时对教室和楼道进行建模、分析和仿真研究。结果表明:在教室和楼道制定合理的应急疏散规则,能够有效地降低保持概率,缩短楼层内的持续拥堵时间,从而降低楼梯出口的人群密度,缩短疏散时间,提高教学楼整体的疏散效率。

Through the field survey and observation of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower on corridor, classroom and teaching building stairs, evacuation data associated with the University’s staff were collected, and the school personnel density, stair walking speed, con-gestion time were calculated using the evacuation variables to analyze the correlation between the variables. At the same time, the classroom and corridor modeling, analysis and simulation research were carried out. The results show that the reasonable emergency evacuation rules in the classroom and corridor, can effectively reduce the probability of maintaining, shorten sustained congestion time in the floor, thereby reducing the population density of stairs for export, shortening the evacuation time and improving the efficiency of the whole teaching building evacuation.