基于相变储能的动力电池热管理系统性能分析

Performance Analysis of Power Battery Thermal Management System Based on Phase Change Energy Storage

良好的动力电池热管理可有效提高电动车的续航里程,本文利用相变材料储能的特性,设计了一种相变储能多管换热器使其与液冷系统耦合,实现夏季多管换热器储冷用于吸收电池产热,冬季多管换热器储热为乘员舱提供热量。通过有限元软件ANSYS对设计的相变储能多管换热器的工作过程进行瞬态仿真,以评估储能多管换热器的有效性,通过实验的方式测试储能多管换热器与液冷系统耦合对动力电池模组的热管理效果。仿真分析表明:通过研究储能多管换热器夏季储冷吸热性能,分析其的换热功率变化曲线,可预测实际热管理系统中电池箱的温度变化趋势将呈现先降低后缓慢升高,通过仿真分析的多管换热器冬季储热可在一小时提供1948.1 kJ热量用于乘员舱供暖。实验结果表明:该热管理系统可有效管控设定热边界下的电池产热,电池箱温度被有效控制在最佳工作温区以内,且电池箱温度的变化趋势与通过仿真分析预测的趋势一致。综上所述,本研究证明了该热管理系统具有良好的热管理效果和可靠性,为其在电动车的应用提供了参考依据。

Effective thermal management of power batteries can significantly improve the range of electric ve-hicles. In this paper, a phase change energy storage multi-tube heat exchanger is designed, com-bined with a liquid cooling system, to realize summer and winter thermal management multi-tube heat exchanger. We evaluated the effectiveness of the phase-change energy storage multi-tube heat exchanger through transient simulations using ANSYS finite element software. We also conducted experiments to test the thermal management effectiveness of the coupled phase-change energy storage multi-tube heat exchanger and liquid cooling system on power battery modules. The simu-lation analysis showed that by studying the summer cooling performance of the energy storage multi-tube heat exchanger and analyzing its heat transfer power curve, we could predict the trend of temperature changes in the battery pack in an actual thermal management system, which would decrease first and then slowly rise. Additionally, the simulation analysis indicated that the mul-ti-tube heat exchanger could provide 1948.1 kJ of heat energy for passenger compartment heating within an hour in winter. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed thermal man-agement system effectively controlled the heat generation of the battery pack and maintained the battery pack temperature within the optimal operating temperature range. Moreover, the trend of the battery pack temperature changes observed in the experiments was consistent with the trend predicted through simulation analysis. In summary, this study proved the proposed thermal man-agement system’s effectiveness and reliability, providing a reference for its application in electric vehicles.