高速空气静压电主轴止推轴承设计及性能分析

Design and Performance Analysis of the Static Air Pressure Thrust Bearing on the High Speed Electric Spindle

高速空气静压电主轴具体有结构紧凑、高转速等特点被广泛应用于高精密机床、多关节机器人、汽车制造、医疗装备等高新技术领域设备中。空气止推轴承是高速空气静压电主轴实现高精度高转速的关键零部件。本文对单孔和多孔空气静压止推轴承建立数学模型,利用ANSYS Workbench Fluent软件进行详细的刚度、气膜压力、气体流场、承载能力模拟设计分析计算,分析轴承参数对轴承刚度的影响,得到轴承性能随各项参数变化的变化规律,实现该类轴承的参数设计。进一步,利用MATLAB app designer编制计算空气静压止推轴承的参数化设计界面软件,提供基于公式的MATLAB计算与基于有限元的ANSYS计算比较分析结果,明晰各设计参数下空气止推轴承的刚度以及承载能力等关键性能。

High speed aerostatic electric spindles are widely used in high-tech fields such as high-precision machine tools, multi joint robots, automotive manufacturing, medical equipment, and other high-tech equipment as well as other compact and high-speed high-tech equipment. Air thrust bearing is a key component for achieving high precision and speed in high-speed air hydrostatic electric spindle. In this article, the mathematical models for single hole and porous air hydrostatic thrust bearings are established, and stiffness, gas film pressure, gas flow field, and bearing capacity are calculated with the ANSYS Workbench Fluent software and the MATLAB software. The influence of bearing parameters on bearing stiffness is analyzed, and the variation pattern of bearing perfor-mance with various parameters is obtained and compared to achieve parameter design of this type of bearing. Furthermore, the MATLAB app designer is used to compile the parametric design inter-face software for calculating aerostatic thrust bearings, and provides the comparative analysis re-sults of formula-based MATLAB calculations and finite element-based ANSYS calculations, so as to clarify the key properties such as stiffness and load carrying capacity of air thrust bearings under various design parameters.