碳气凝胶在油水分离中的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Carbon Aerogels in Oil-Water Separation

碳气凝胶是一种新型、性能优异的三维纳米多孔碳材料,具有密度低、孔隙率高、比表面积大等特性,已经被应用于传感器、储能和环保等多种领域。作为理想的吸附材料,其在油水分离领域也得到广泛应用。本文介绍了有机聚合物、碳材料、生物质以及复合碳气凝胶四种类型碳气凝胶的制备过程和优缺点,并从油水污染物类型出发,综述了碳气凝胶对油水不混溶物和乳液的分离机理以及应用研究进展。

Carbon aerogels, as a new type of three-dimensional nanoporous carbon materials with excellent performance, have been applied in many fields such as sensors, energy storage, and environmental protection. They are also widely used in the field of oil-water separation as ideal adsorption materials. In this paper, the preparation process, advantages and disadvantages of four carbon aerogels, including organic polymers, carbon materials, biomass and composite carbon aerogels, are introduced. According to various oil-water pollutants including oil-water immiscible mixture and emulsion, the separation mechanism and application progress of carbon aerogels are reviewed.