重大突发公共卫生事件下传染性医疗废物应急处置物流网络优化

Optimization of Logistics Network for Emergency Disposal of Infectious Medical Waste during Outbreak

新冠疫情的爆发暴露出我国医疗废物应急处置能力薄弱这一问题,完善应急管理预案和医废应急处置设施体系,是我国传染性疾病爆发期间应急体系完善的重要方向。基于传染性医废逆向物流网络相关理论,本研究一方面考虑新建临时处理中心来缓冲急剧增加的传染性医废处置压力,另一方面考虑疫情中心城市与周边进行末端协同,由此建立了同时考虑成本和风险的传染性医疗废物应急处置优化物流网络模型,为进一步分析不确定医废产量对优化结果的影响,在上述模型基础上建立鲁棒优化模型,并以武汉市疫情爆发初期实际参数作为算例进行验证,结果表明临时处理中心能够在很大程度上缓解急剧增加的医废造成的风险水平,决策者需要在预算和成本之间进行权衡,医废产量的不确定性对风险水平的影响明显,增加预算有助于降低不确定性对于风险水平的影响。

The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed the problem that China’s medical waste emergency disposal capacity is weak. Improving the emergency management plan and the medical waste emergency disposal facility system is an important direction to improve the emergency system during the outbreak of infectious diseases in China. Based on the relevant theory of the reverse logistics network of infectious medical waste, this study, on the one hand, considers the construction of a new temporary treatment center to cushion the sharply increased pressure of the disposal of infectious medical waste, on the other hand, considers the end-to-end coordination between the epidemic center city and the surrounding areas, so as to establish an optimal logistics network model for the emergency disposal of infectious medical waste, which considers both cost and risk. In order to further analyze the impact of uncertain medical waste output on the optimization results, Based on the above model, a robust optimization model is established and verified by taking the actual parameters in the early outbreak of the epidemic in Wuhan as an example. The results show that the temporary treatment center can alleviate the risk level caused by the sharp increase in medical waste to a great extent. Decision makers need to weigh the budget and cost. The uncertainty of medical waste production has a significant impact on the risk level, Increasing the budget will help reduce the impact of uncertainty on the level of risk.