慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者症状群相关研究的范围综述

Scope of Research on Symptom Cluster in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

目的:对COPD患者症状群的相关研究进行范围综述,明确COPD患者症状群的识别方法及构成特征,为日后开展症状群管理提供思路。方法:检索9个中英文数据库有关COPD患者症状群的相关研究,对文献进行整理归纳与信息提取。结果:共纳入15篇文献,均通过探索性因子分析或主成分分析提取症状群,使用多种不同的症状评估量表评估症状类型;COPD患者症状群数量高达28种,常见症状群有情感症状群、呼吸道症状群、心理健康症状群以及疲乏症状群;2项纵向研究探寻了COPD患者症状群变化轨迹。结论:COPD患者症状群缺乏特异性识别方法;症状群类型及群内症状数量多、差异大,患者心理问题突出且存在性别差异;症状群随病情发展数量逐渐减少且趋于稳定,未来可多开展亚组分析以实现精准识别。

Objective: This article reviews the research scope of symptom group of COPD patients, clarifies the identification methods and constitution characteristics of symptom group of COPD patients, and provides the train of thought for developing symptom group management in the future. Methods: We searched 9 Chinese and English databases for relevant studies on symptom groups of COPD patients, and summarized the literature and extracted the in-formation. Results: A total of 15 articles were included, and symptom clusters were extracted by exploratory factor analysis or principal component analysis, and symptom types were assessed with various symptom assessment scales. There were 28 kinds of symptoms in COPD patients. The com-mon symptom groups were emotional symptom group, respiratory symptom group, mental health symptom group and fatigue symptom group. Two longitudinal studies were carried out to explore the change of symptoms in patients with COPD. Conclusions: The types of symptom group and the number of symptoms in the group are large and different, and the psychological problems of pa-tients are prominent and there are gender differences. The number of symptom groups decreased gradually and tended to be stable with the development of the disease. In the future, more sub-group analysis can be carried out to achieve accurate identification.