强直性脊柱炎患者病耻感现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Stigma in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

目的:调查强直性脊柱炎患者(ankylosing spondylitis, AS)病耻感现状并分析其影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取2021年至2022年1月于贵阳市某三级甲等医院184例强直性脊柱炎患者为研究对象,使用一般资料调查问卷、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)和自我隐瞒量表(SCS)对184例强直性脊柱炎患者进行评估。采用单因素方差分析及t检验比较不同人口学特征的强直性脊柱炎患者病耻感得分情况;采用Pearson相关进行分析病耻感与自我隐瞒、领悟社会支持的相关性;运用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果:184例AS患者病耻感得分(61.73 ± 8.37)分。社会支持得分(57.41 ± 6.43)分;自我隐瞒得分(32.13 ± 3.69)分。经Pearson相关分析结果显示,领悟社会支持能力与病耻感呈负相关(−1 < r < 0),自我隐瞒与病耻感呈正相关(0 < r < 1)。单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、病程以及家庭人均月收入患者之间的病耻感评分均有统计学差异(P < 0.05),多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度、病程、家庭人均月收入、领悟社会支持、自我隐瞒均是强直性脊柱炎患者病耻感水平的影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论:强直性脊柱炎患者的病耻感处于中等水平,因此,临床护理工作者应及时对AS患者病耻感进行评估,并根据患者的文化程度、经济状况以及病程,实施有针对性的干预措施,以帮助患者降低病耻感,促进其身心健康,以改善患者预后。

Objective: To investigate the current status of stigma in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 184 patients with ankylosing spondylitis in a tertiary hospital in Guiyang City from 2021 to January 2022 were selected by convenience sampling, and 184 patients with an-kylosing spondylitis were evaluated using the General Information Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS). One-way analysis of variance and t-test were used to compare the stigma scores of patients with ankylosing spondylitis with different demographic characteristics. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between stigma and self-concealment and perceived social support. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The stigma score of 184 patients with AS was (61.73 ± 8.37). The social support score was (57.41 ± 6.43);The score of self-concealment was (32.13 ± 3.69) points. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the ability to perceive social support was negatively correlated with stigma (−1 < r < 0), and self-concealment was positively correlated with stigma (0 < r < 1). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in stigma scores among patients with different education levels, disease course and family per capita monthly income (P < 0.05), and multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, disease course, family per capita monthly income, perceived social support and self-concealment were the influencing factors of stigma level in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The stigma of patients with ankylosing spondylitis is at a moderate level, therefore, clinical nurses should evaluate the stigma of patients with AS in a timely manner, and implement targeted interventions according to the education level, economic status and course of the disease to help patients reduce stigma, promote their physical and mental health, and improve the prognosis of patients.