加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)及其散裂靶的研究现状

Study on the Development of Accelerator Driven System (ADS) and Its Spallation Target

加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)被国际公认为是最有前景的核废料嬗变技术,该系统以加速器产生的高能强流质子束轰击靶核产生散裂中子作为外源中子驱动和维持次临界堆运行,具有固有安全性。中子散裂靶起着将散裂反应中产生的中子耦合到反应堆的重要作用,是ADS系统中最为重要的一部分,随着束流功率不断增高,靶材的选取变得尤为重要,其中由中科院近代物理研究所提出的颗粒流散裂靶结合了固态靶和液态靶的优点,具有承受未来ADS商业化装置需要耦合束流功率数十MW的能力。

ADS (Accelerator Driven System) has been universally regarded as the most promising approach to dispose the long-lived nuclear waste. This system takes the spallation neutrons as the external neutron source to drive and maintain the operation of the subcritical blanket system and has the inherent safety. Spallation target is the most important part of accelerator-driven subcritical sys-tem, playing a role in coupling neutrons created through spallation process to reactor. With in-creasing of the beams power, the material of spallation target becomes particular critical. Granular material as the spallation target proposed by the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has the advantages of both solid and liquid targets, and can endure dozens of megawatt level of the future ADS commercial devices.