安全壳微小通道内气溶胶沉积模型综述

Summary of Aerosol Deposition Models within Micro Channels of Containment

核电厂发生严重事故期间,即使安全壳没有严重失效或损坏,放射性裂变产物气溶胶仍然会通过安全壳内可能存在的微小通道泄漏到外界环境中去。目前,很多国家仍然把气溶胶粒子从这些微小通道内的泄漏速率按和普通气体一样进行计算,也就是说,没有考虑气溶胶粒子的损失。然而,大量实验研究表明,气溶胶粒子在通过这些微小通道时,会通过多种沉积机制发生沉积。如果考虑了气溶胶粒子在微小通道内的沉积,可显著减小严重事故源项评估时的保守性。本文基于大量的文献调研结果,介绍了几个代表性的微小通道内气溶胶沉积模型,并对其优缺点进行了比较总结。本文的研究成果将为后续微小通道内气溶胶沉积模型的研究提供参考。

During a severe accident in a nuclear power plant (NPP), even if the containment does not fail or destroy seriously, the radioactive fission product aerosols will still leak into the environment through these potential micro channels within containment. At present, many countries still estimate the leakage rate of aerosol particles from these micro channels in the same way as ordinary gases, that is to say, aerosol particles can pass through these micro channels without any loss. However, many experiments have observed that when aerosol particles pass through these micro channels, deposition occurs through a variety of deposition mechanisms. If the deposition of aerosol particles in these micro channels is taken into account, the conservativeness of source term assessment of severe accidents can be reduced. In this paper, severe representative models for studying the deposition effects of aerosol particles in micro channels are introduced through a large number of literature reviews. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are compared and summarized, which will provide a reference for the subsequent model study of aerosol deposition within micro channels.