从“福岛改进项”运作反馈探讨核电厂应急设备管理

Discussion of Emergency Equipment Management on Nuclear Power Plant from the “Operation Feedback of the Post-Fukushima Improvement Action”

日本福岛核事故后,人们认识到对于小概率的、后果严重的超设计基准事故,需考虑设置缓解和处理设施,各核电厂根据堆型和厂址特点均增加了大型移动应急设备,但实际运作却存在诸多问题。随着全球气候变暖,中国“双碳”目标下,核电将迎来全新的发展机会。本文通过国内某核电集团在运核电基地福岛改进项运作反馈中,提出建设地方应急设备中心的观点以及四点建设原则,通过组建专业的应急队伍、集约管理大型移动应急设备来保障区域内相关营运单位的安全,供应急从业人员和设计人员参考。

After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, it was realized that for the small probability and serious consequences of exceeding-design benchmark accidents, it is necessary to consider setting up mitigation and treatment facilities. According to the type of reactor and the site of factory, all nuclear power plants have added large mobile emergency equipment, but there are many problems in actual operation. With global warming, China’s “double carbon” goal will usher in new development opportunities for nuclear power. In this paper, through a domestic nuclear power group in the operation feedback of the Post-Fukushima improvement action, we put forward the point of building the center of the local emergency equipment center and four construction principles through the establishment of professional emergency team, and intensive management of large mobile emergency equipment to ensure the safety of relevant operating units in the region. These ideas are available to emergency practitioners and designers.