夏珪《八仙图》及夏珪生卒年考

Xia Gui’s “Eight Immortals” and the Textual Research of the Period of His Life

现在的道教八仙,一般都认为是明代《东游记》出现之后才确定的,但《八仙图》表明在宋代嘉佑年间就已确定了,并给出了具有北宋时期特征的道教八仙形象,这比《东游记》提早了500年;夏珪作为南宋山水画四大家之一,因生卒不详,近、现代画史或画论都愿意把夏珪定在与马远同时而稍后,但亊实上,夏珪的生卒区间应在1040~1140年之间,比马远大约大100岁。

Today Taolism is believed that it was definite after the time when the Ming Dynasty’s “Eastern Travel Notes” appeared. But “Eight Immortals” was definite at the title Jia You of Song Dynasty, and that described an image of the Taolism feature in the Northern Dynasty, therefore “Eight Immortals” proved that the Taolism was earlier five hundred years than it was in “Eastern Travel Notes”. However, because Xia Gui’s textual period was not so distinct so modern times painting history and painting theory all are willing to think that as one of four great painters in Southern Dynasty Xia Gui lived in the Same period of Ma Yuan or little later than Ma Yuan. Yet, in fact, “Eight Immortals” proves that the extinct period of Xia Gui was in the period of 1040-1140 years, So that Xia Gui was older about one hundred years than Ma Yuan.