美国联邦最高法院对学术自由尊重的发展历程探析

An Analysis of the Development Process of the U.S. Supreme Court’s Respect for Academic Freedom

从联邦宪法颁布至二战结束前后,美国司法基本对教育实行不干预政策。二战结束后至70年代,由于国内高等教育的迅速扩张和政治、社会等运动对校园的极大冲击,美国各级法院开始介入教育诉讼干预。阿德勒案、斯威齐案、凯西安案以及巴基案的相继发生与判决,反映了美国联邦最高法院对学术自由尊重的发展历程,也同时展示了联邦宪法对学术自由的保护过程。

From the promulgation of the Federal Constitution to the end of World War II, the U.S. judiciary ba-sically implemented a non-interference policy in education. From the end of World War II to the 1970s, due to the rapid expansion of domestic higher education and the great impact of political and social movements on campuses, courts at all levels in the United States began to intervene in educational litigation. The successive occurrences and judgments of the Adler, Sweezy, Kaysian, and Bakke cases demonstrated the development of the U.S. Supreme Court’s respect for academic free-dom, as well as the process of protection of academic freedom by the Federal Constitution.