雅典僭主形象的历史变迁——从古风到古典时代

The Historical Transformation of the Tyrant’s Image in Athens—From the Archaic Greece to the Classical Antiquity

僭主形象的变迁作为时代的产物,与城邦命运紧密相联。纵观古风时代和古典时代,雅典僭主形象经历了从古风早期为人羡慕的当权者,到古风晚期庇西特拉图王朝政治实践遭遇诟病后的逐渐恶化,再到古典时期城邦意识形态斗争中的全民公敌,最后至寡头革命后趋于理性和客观的曲折变迁。从古风到古典时代,雅典城邦乃至整个希腊世界都经历了从崛起到繁荣再面临衰败的局面,僭主形象则在历史洪流中发挥了独特而不可替代的作用。

The transformation of the tyrant’s image, as a product of the era, is closely linked to the fate of the city-state. Throughout the Archaic Greece and Classical Antiquity, the image of the Athenian tyrant underwent a gradual deterioration from an admired figure of authority in the early Archaic Greece to a criticized political practice during the late Archaic Greece under the Peisistratid dynasty. It further evolved into a universally despised figure in the ideological struggles of the city-state during the Classical Antiquity, and finally experienced a complex transformation towards rationality and objectivity after the oligarchic revolution. From Archaic Greece to Classical Antiquity, the city-state of Athens, and even the entire Greek world, went through a cycle of rise, prosperity, and subsequent decline, and the image of the tyrant played a unique and irreplaceable role in the course of history.