20世纪上半叶淮北农民的生存策略——以作物选择为中心

Survival Strategies of Farmers in Huaibei in the First Half of the 20th Century —Centered on Crop Selection

自北宋末年至晚清,淮北地区多次遭受黄河水灾的影响,农村土地逐渐沙化、盐碱化,乡村水利设施遭到严重破坏。20世纪上半叶,频发的自然灾害更加打击了淮北农村脆弱的小农经济。农民在土壤严重劣化的情况下改变农作种植类型,仅靠种植农作物已不能满足人口增多的家庭生活开销,一些农民在市场和环境的影响下也种植经济作物。灾荒加重农民生活危机,严重改变农村原有的农作物种植结构。一方面,农民仍以生存压力下种植传统的应急粮食作物;另一方面,农民亦从追求利润为出发点种植经济作物。农民在应对风险方面会根据不同情况改变作物选择以获得期望的追求。

From the late Northern Song Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the Huaibei area was affected by the Yellow River flood for many times, and the rural land was gradually desertification and salinized, and the rural water conservancy facilities were seriously damaged. The first half of the 20th century, frequent natural disasters hit the fragile small-scale peasant economy in rural Huaibei. Farmers change the types of farming in the case of severe soil deterioration. Planting crops alone can no longer meet the family living expenses of increasing population. Some farmers also grow cash crops under the influence of the market and the environment. The famine aggravated the crisis of farmers’ life and seriously changed the original crop planting structure in rural areas. On the one hand, farmers still grow traditional emergency food crops under survival pressure;on the other hand, farmers also grow cash crops from the pursuit of profit. Farmers change crop choices to achieve desired pursuits in response to risk.