论我国商标指示性合理使用的认定及其构建

On the Identification and Construction of Indicative Fair Use of Trademarks

商标合理使用制度包括描述性合理使用和指示性合理使用,在我国商标立法中,仅明确说明了描述性的合理使用,而没有指示性合理使用的任何规定,并且不能满足现实的需要。考察司法实践发现,虽然在立法上迟迟未得正名,但各地法院在审判中都已经承认了指示性合理使用是可以作为抗辩理由。但是,对其构成要件的认定仍存在争议,司法实践仍然存在同案不同判的现象。笔者认为商标指示性合理使用的构成要件应当包括使用的必要性、出于善意目的和使用的限度,并且不应当把混淆可能性作为构成要件。建议尽快将商标指示性合理使用制度写入法律,以期减轻司法实践中长期存在的冲突和不确定性。

The system of fair use of trademarks includes descriptive fair use and indicative fair use. In China's trademark legislation, only descriptive fair use of trademarks is clearly stated, without any provi-sions for indicative fair use of trademarks, which cannot meet the actual needs. The investigation of judicial practice found that although the legislation has not been properly named, the local courts have recognized the indicative fair use of trademarks as a defense. However, the determination of its constituent elements is still controversial, and judicial practice still has the phenomenon of dif-ferent judgments in the same case. The author thinks that the constituent elements of indicative fair use of trademark should include the necessity of use, the purpose of good faith and the limit of use, and the possibility of confusion should not be regarded as the constituent elements. It is sug-gested that the system of indicative fair use of trademarks should be written into law as soon as possible in order to reduce the conflicts and uncertainties in judicial practice.