论消费者公益诉讼

On Consumer Public Interest Litigation

消费者公益诉讼是增加一个有效渠道去维护广大消费者的权利,目的是打击违法经营者的不法行为。本文从消费者概念界定入手,阐述了消费者公益诉讼的内涵和价值。通过展现消费者和经营者信息不对称问题、弥补行政执法疏忽,从而论述其对消费者维护自身权益的重要性。我国目前的立法明确当前已有的民事公益诉讼规则,结合现有法律和司法实践中出现的状况,本文提出尚未解决的实质性问题。在参考域外消费者公益诉讼中特色的美国集团诉讼和欧洲的团体诉讼后,以对比分析的视角采纳国外可参照制度。依据现存问题提出对应主体资格、诉讼规则完善和立法补全的具体解决措施,以完善我国消费者公益诉讼的对策。

Consumer Public Interest Litigation is to add an effective access to safeguard the rights and inter-ests of consumers and crack down on operators’ illegal behavior. Located in the definition of con-sumer, the present paper elaborates the connotation and value of Consumer Public Interest Litiga-tion. By showing the phenomenon of information asymmetry between consumers and operators and making up for the negligence of administrative law enforcement, it discusses the importance of protecting their own rights and interests. The current legislation of China has set clear rules of Civil Public Interest Litigation. Combining with the existing laws and judicial practice, it puts forward substantial issues that have not been solved. After referring to the actions of American Class and European Class which are featured in foreign consumer public interest, it adopts the foreign system that can be referred according to the contrastive analysis. Based on the existing problems, it raised the specific measures to solve the corresponding subject qualification, the improvement of the liti-gation rules and the legislative completion, so as to perfect the countermeasures of China’s Con-sumer Public Interest Litigation.