国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源惠益分享问题研究

Study on the Benefit-Sharing of Marine Genetic Resources beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction

国家管辖范围外海洋生物多样性养护和可持续利用(BBNJ)国际协定谈判是当前国际海洋法领域最重要的立法进程。其中,国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源惠益分享问题已成为谈判中的焦点。对国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源惠益分享问题的探讨,需要首先明晰惠益分享是基于“为全人类共同利益”的理论基础,并由此确定人类共同继承财产原则应作为其法律基础。在惠益分享制度构建上,应先确定其应包含的制度要素,结合谈判中的分歧,从受益对象、客体范围、分享形式三方面进行考量。最后,就惠益分享制度管理机构的选择,国际海底管理局存在较大缺陷,在缔约方大会下设附属机构更具可行性。

At present, the negotiation on “The Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction” is the most important legislative process in the field of inter-national law of the sea. In this negotiation, the issue of benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction has been the focus. In order to discuss the issue of bene-fit-sharing of marine genetic resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction, it is necessary to first clarify that benefit-sharing is based on the theoretical basis of “for the common benefit of all man-kind”, and determined that the principle of common heritage of mankind should be its legal basis. For the construction of the benefit-sharing system, the system elements should be determined first, and the differences in the negotiation should be combined. The system elements should be consid-ered from three aspects of the beneficiary, the scope of the object, and the sharing form. Finally, with regard to the choice of management agency for the benefit-sharing system, The International Seabed Authority has major flaws, it is more feasible to establish subsidiary bodies under the Con-ference of the Parties.