居住权与民事执行权的衡平问题研究

Study on the Equalization of Residence Right and Civil Execution Right

居住权制度是民法典的一大亮点,也为不动产民事执行增加了难度。文章运用类型化分析手段,发现实践中不同法院对居住权能否排除执行的态度存有分歧,居住权与民事执行权统一衡平规则的缺位是造成这种实践困惑的直接原因。通过对设居不动产民事执行所涉及主体之间的利益进行衡量分析,可对债权种类、居住权类型和是否满足权利形式要件三要素进行组合,对居住权与民事执行权进行位次排序,为执行法院处理设居不动产的执行工作提供统一衡平规则。

The residence right system is a bright spot of the civil code, which also increases the difficulty of the civil execution of real estate. By using the method of categorization analysis, this paper finds that different courts have different attitudes on whether the right of habitation can be excluded from execution, and the absence of uniform equalization rules for the right of habitation and civil execu-tion is the direct cause of this confusion in practice. Through the measure analysis of the interests between civil execution subjects involved in set based on the real estate, it can combine the types of creditor’s right, types of residence right and whether it meets the requirements of the form of right, and rank residence right and civil execution right, so as to provide unified equity rules for the exe-cution of the court’s handling of the immovable property.