后疫情时代疫苗异常反应补偿制度的完善——基于我国台湾地区的经验与教训

Improvement of the National Compensation System for Abnormal Vaccine Reactions in the Post-Epidemic Era—Based on the Experience and Lessons of China Taiwan Region

我国自2019年《中华人民共和国疫苗管理法》通过以来,基本确立了以“国家补偿为主+其他补偿模式为辅”的疫苗异常反应的补偿体系。但由于“其他补偿模式”只有若干倡议性的规范性文件,我国现存的补偿体系实际上还是由“国家补偿”这单一模式来构建的。台湾地区的疫苗补偿模式为基金补偿模式,本文在介绍我国台湾地区的补偿体系的基础上,尝试为我国补偿制度的完善转变扩展思路,以提高新冠疫苗接种率,扫除接种群众的后顾之忧,使我国“动态清零”的疫情防控政策更为有效。具体而言:第一,为应对新一轮的奥密克戎毒株所致的全国大面积感染,应当对新冠疫苗异常反应补偿认定进行“从宽从快”的制度改革。第二,应批判地吸收我国台湾地区的经验,从异常反应认定标准、时间,认定机构和补偿资金来源等方面进行调整完善。Since the adoption of the Vaccine Management Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2019, China has basically established a compensation system for abnormal vaccine reactions, which is mainly based on national compensation and supplemented by other compensation modes. However, the existing compensation system in China is actually constructed by the single mode of “state compensation” because there are only some normative documents of initiative in the “other compensation mode”. The vaccine compensation mode in Taiwan is the fund compensation mode. Based on the introduction of the compensation system in Taiwan, this paper tries to improve the system of compensation transformation extension, in order to improve the new vaccine coverage, eliminate inoculated the trouble back at home of the masses, realize “dynamic reset” epidemic prevention in our country and make the control policy more effective. To be specific: firstly, in response to a new round of nationwide infections caused by the Omicron strain, the system reform of "leniency and speed"should be carried out for the compensation and recognition of abnormal reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine. Secondly, we should critically absorb the experience from Taiwan, adjust and perfect the identification standard and time, identification institution and compensation fund source of an abnormal reaction.