论破产程序中劳动债权的保护

Protection of Labor Creditor’s Rights in Bankruptcy Procedure

近年来,国内外社会、政治、经济等领域正在面临着百年未有之大变局,特别是在新冠肺炎疫情的冲击下,出现了大量企业破产的情形,进而引发出劳动债权清偿的难题。面对这些问题,我国现行的《企业破产法》已经不能再给予劳动债权纠纷的解决提供更多的法律制度支撑。对于破产程序中劳动债权的保护,应当结合我国基本国情和国际相关先进经验,并基于破产中给予劳动债权保护的立法目的、价值追求和市场经济的发展规律,探究在破产法和社会法之中实行对劳动者权益进行双重保护的可能性,最后在考虑我国国家性质和我国现行经济制度发展的客观需要,提出三种思路:赋予职工在破产中的特定权利;通过政府介入建立相关保障机制以发挥兜底作用;并且通过市场机制建立符合国情的劳动债权保险、基金制度。

In recent years, the social, political and economic fields at home and abroad are facing unprecedented changes. In particular, under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, a large number of enterprises have gone bankrupt, which leads to the problem of paying off labor claims. In the face of these problems, China’s current Enterprise Bankruptcy Law can no longer provide more legal system support for the settlement of labor claims. To this, this article according to our country’s basic national conditions and international advanced experience, and based on labor creditor protection in bankruptcy legislation purpose, value pursuit and the law of development of market economy, explores the bankruptcy law and social law practice the rights and interests of laborers in the pos-sibility of double protection, finally considering China’s national character and the objective demand of the development of China’s current economic system, three ideas are put forward: To give workers special rights in bankruptcy;Through the government intervention to establish the rele-vant security mechanism to play the role of the bottom;And through the market mechanism to establish the labor credit insurance and fund system in line with the national conditions.